Training system for hygiene equipment

ABSTRACT

Providing to a human operator a view of displayed images and a view of a piece of hygiene equipment, the apparatus comprising an interface to a sensor which is configured to generate a motion sensor output indicating a movement of a human operator, an access to a data repository which stores base data for generating images representing views of an environment in which tasks by said human operator can be performed, an image generation section configured to generate the images to be displayed based on said base data and said motion sensor output, a sequencer section configured to determine a sequence of situations in relation to a view by said human operator, and an event section which is configured to determine an event in relation to said piece of hygiene equipment and to allocate said determined event in relation to the sequence of situations.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a U.S. National Stage entry under 35 U.S.C. §371 of, and claims priority to, International Application No.PCT/EP2019/052354, filed Jan. 31, 2019, which claims priority toInternational Application No. PCT/EP2018/061522, filed May 4, 2018, thedisclosures of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference intheir entireties.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the field of equipment used fortraining. More particularly, the present invention relates to anapparatus to provide to a human operator a view of displayed images viaa head-mounted display, HMD, taking into account the specific technicalproblems involved for improving the intake and perception ofinformation. The present invention also relates to the field of handhygiene, achieving hand hygiene compliance by training, and maintenanceand/or installation of related hand hygiene equipment.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Hygiene equipment is commonplace today in many facilities, such ashospitals, medical service centers, intensive care units, day clinics,private practices, lavatories, rest rooms, hotels, restaurants, cafes,food service places, schools, kindergartens, manufacturing sites,administration and office buildings, and, in general, places andfacilities that are accessible to the public or to a considerable numberof individuals. The described hygiene equipment thereby includes varioustypes of individual devices and installations such as soap dispensers,dispensers for disinfectant solutions, gels or substances, toweldispensers, glove dispensers, tissue dispensers, hand dryers, sinks,radiation assisted disinfectant points, ultraviolet (UV) light, and thelike.

Although such hygiene equipment is commonplace today in many places, theuse thereof by the individuals visiting these places or working in theseplaces is still oftentimes not satisfactory. For example, hospitals,and, in general, medical service centers often suffer from hygienedeficiencies, which, in turn, may lead to the spread of infections andrelated diseases. In particular, such insufficient hygiene amongstmedical care personnel coming into close contact with patients andbodily fluids can lead to the spread of infectious diseases amongst thepersonnel and other patients. It is also known that infections by highlyresistant bacteria pose a severe problem in such places, especially inhospitals. In general, so-called Healthcare Associated Infections (HAI)are a real and tangible global problem in today's healthcare. HAI can befound to be currently the primary cause of death for 140.000patients/year, affecting millions more and costs society in the range ofbillions of EUR/year.

At the same time, however, it is known that hygiene, and, in particular,hand hygiene, is an important factor as far as the spread of infectiousdiseases are concerned. Specifically, medical care personnel should makeproper use of hand hygiene at the right and appropriate opportunities,so that the spread of bacteria and other disease causing substances isminimized. The actual compliance to applicable hand hygiene regulationsand the related usage of hygiene equipment, however, may dependon—amongst others—the management of the facility, accessibility andusability of the equipment, culture, the cooperation and will exercisedby the individuals working in these places or visiting such places,training of individuals, time pressure and possibly also other factors.In other words, an important factor remains the fact that individualsmay not make use of installed and provided hygiene equipment althoughthey are supposed to. Also, individuals may make use of hygieneequipment, but not at appropriate times, situations, and moments. In anyway, however, it is generally accepted that an increased use of hygieneequipment can substantially contribute in reducing the spread ofbacteria and the like, which, in turn, can drastically reduce theappearance of related infections and diseases.

Against this background, the World Health Organization (WHO) has alreadydefined the so-called “Five Moments Of Hand Hygiene” (cf.https://www.who.int/gpsc/tools/Five_moments/en/) including as explicitdefinitions for opportunities: 1. Before patient contact; 2. Beforeaseptic task; 3. After body fluid exposure risk; 4. After patientcontact; and 5. After contact with patient surroundings. There are hencewell defined and valid rules on how hand hygiene should be implementedand, moreover, assessment of corresponding hand hygiene compliance isbecoming a regulatory requirement for the healthcare sector and mayserve as an important quality improvement tool. Here, the compliance isto be understood as a figure indicating how good and effective handhygiene is implemented and “lived” in a given facility and in relationto the applicable hand hygiene procedures such as, e.g., the abovedescribed suggested by the WHO.

As a consequence, one may have considerable interest in that a given ordesired target compliance is achieved. In other words, there isconsiderable interest that the individuals (operators) that are involvedwith such facilities implement the hygiene scheme as good as possible soas to reduce the spread of any disease as effectively as possible. Atthe same time, however, the actual use of hygiene equipment may quiteconsiderably depend on the behavior shown by the individuals. Thisleads, in turn, to the finding that actual compliance may be welldependent on the behavior of the individual(s) who are supposed toemploy hand hygiene at given times.

Individuals, e.g., caring staff, nurses, doctors, cleaners, janitors andother people roaming the above-described hygiene critical facilities,may be for a considerable part employees of the facilities, implyingthat their main task will be fulfilment of the regular every-day workrequirements. Usually, there is little time and few opportunities toeducate individuals on hand hygiene in general, and, in particular, onhow precisely hand hygiene is to be implemented in order to meetcompliance and, eventually, to be most effective. At the same time,however, individuals may want to spend only little attention to aspectssuch as hand hygiene given usually a considerable load of ordinary mainwork. Further, personal, cultural, or other soft factors may render itdifficult to educate individuals effectively, so as to attainsatisfactory hand hygiene compliance. Conventionally, considerableresources are still spent on hand hygiene training, but still scientificstudies show that the compliance rate is still disappointingly low. Suchconventional trainings usually are based on concepts like theoreticalgroup sessions, information leaflets, and the like.

Apart from the above described examples, there are however also otheraspects in the context of hygiene equipment. Such aspects being thendifferent from the actual or appropriate use of hygiene equipment andmay include at least the installation, operation, maintenance,servicing, refilling, etc., of hygiene equipment. However, there aresimilar aims as regards the employment as a whole of hygiene equipment,and there is therefore a need for improving the actual use, operationand general handling of hygiene equipment, including not only theimprovement of hand hygiene compliance, attained by individuals by moreeffectively train the individuals, on whose behavior the achievement ofan appropriate employment and/or good compliance ultimately depends.

More specifically, there is a need for conveying related information tothe individuals in an effective and reliable manner so that the actualperception of the information by the individuals is rendered moreeffective. With the necessary information appropriately perceived, theindividuals may contribute in an improved employment of hygieneequipment and in particular embodiments attain a better hand hygienecompliance.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided anapparatus to provide to a human operator a view of displayed images anda view of a piece of hygiene equipment, the apparatus comprising aninterface to a sensor which is configured to generate a motion sensoroutput indicating a movement of a human operator, an access to a datarepository which stores base data for generating images representingviews of an environment in which tasks by said human operator can beperformed, an image generation section configured to generate the imagesto be displayed based on said base data and said motion sensor output, asequencer section configured to determine a sequence of situations inrelation to a view by said human operator, and an event section which isconfigured to determine an event in relation to said piece of hygieneequipment and to allocate said determined event in relation to thesequence of situations.

According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided amethod to provide to a human operator a view of displayed images and aview of a piece of hygiene equipment, the method comprising the steps ofgenerating a motion sensor output indicating a movement of a humanoperator, accessing a data repository which stores base data forgenerating images representing views of an environment in which tasks bysaid human operator can be performed, generating the images to bedisplayed based on said base data and said motion sensor output,determining a sequence of situations in relation to a view by said humanoperator, and determining an event in relation to said piece of hygieneequipment and allocating said determined event in relation to thesequence of situations.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Embodiments of the present invention, which are presented for betterunderstanding the inventive concepts but which are not to be seen aslimiting the invention, will now be described with reference to thefigures in which:

FIG. 1 shows a schematic pyramid view of possible human actions inrelation to the level of actual physical perception for laterremembering and application of the trained information;

FIG. 2A shows a schematic view of a deployment and application of anembodiment of the present invention by a human operator;

FIG. 2B shows a schematic view of a head-mounted display, HMD, as partof a deployment and application of an embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 2C shows a schematic view of a deployment and application of anembodiment of the present invention by a human operator;

FIGS. 3A to 3C show schematic views of deployment environments andapplications of some embodiments of the present invention;

FIGS. 4A to 4C show schematically views that are presented to anoperator according to corresponding embodiments of the presentinvention;

FIGS. 5A to 5D show schematically views of a graphical user interfaceaccording to corresponding embodiments of the present invention;

FIGS. 6A to 6D show schematically views of a graphical user interfaceaccording to corresponding embodiments of the present invention;

FIGS. 7A and 7B show schematic respective views of general apparatusembodiments of the present invention; and

FIG. 8 shows a schematic flow chart of a general method embodiment ofthe present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 shows a schematic pyramid view of possible human activities forlearning and training in relation to the level of perception. Inparticular, human perception, information intake, and—with this—thelevel of how much and how good perceived information is kept and can beremembered and applied later, strongly depends on the type of activitythat is employed for learning and training. The pyramid C provides ahierarchical arrangement from a base level LB to an upper level LU,where activities mentioned in the pyramid C toward an upper level LU areperceived less for later remembering and applying, whereas activitieslocated toward a base level LB are perceived better by the humanphysical circumstances and human perception.

The pyramid view of FIG. 1 represents the levels of perception ofvarious actions as this order is established in the arts. In a way, thehuman physical circumstances and perception are such that the level ofinvolvement in an action generally involves the degree of informationbeing perceived for later remembering and application. In short, onelearns more the deeper the involvement in an action is (cf. “cone oflearning”, developed and revised from base material by Edgar Dale, in:“Audio Visual Methods in Teaching” by Edgar Dale; 3^(rd) edition; Holt,Rinehart, and Winston; 1969).

One general aspect of how physical perception can be improved is thatactive actions lead to an improved perception as compared to passiveaction. The latter passive actions are thus located toward the upper“superficial” layer LU and include actions as for example—in an order ofgradually improved perception—reading, hearing words, looking atpictures, watching a movie, looking at an exhibit, watching ademonstration, and seeing it done on location. The level of physicalperception continues to improve with the aforementioned active actionsincluding—again in the order of gradually improvedperception—participating in a discussion, giving a talk, doing adramatic presentation, simulating the real experience, and—finally—doingthe real thing.

As a result, one of the best ways of learning is “doing the real thing”as located in FIG. 1 at the very base level LB. However, this actualexecution of the real thing is not always possible in the context oflearning or training. Specifically, many tasks may be sensitive to thelevel of correct and appropriate execution and wrong or inappropriateexecution of a task may cause harm or unacceptable damage. For example,in the field of medical or caretaking treatment errors and mistakes maylead to physical unrepairable damages, injuries, infections, or othermore or less substantial negative results. As, however, FIG. 1 shows, anoptimum action with regard to the level of perception and intake ofinformation, but at the same time avoiding any negative effects causedby mistakes and inappropriate execution of a task, is the simulating ofa real experience as shown in level just atop the very base level LB.

Embodiments of the present invention specifically implement such asimulation of a real experience for improving the physical perceptionand intake of information, so that, in turn, the efficiency in trainingthe correct behaviors and execution patterns in hand hygiene can besubstantially improved. Therefore, embodiments of the present inventionultimately lead to an improved application of hand hygiene equipmentand, with this, to a substantial contribution in reducing the risk ofspreading infectious diseases.

Embodiments of the present invention in particular provide instructionsthat contribute to the solution of a technical problem with technicalmeans in that said instructions relate to the visual transmission ofinformation, where the main issue is not, however, the conveyance ofcertain content or the conveyance thereof using a certain get-up, butrather the presentation of image content in such a manner that takes thephysical circumstances of human perception and in-take of informationinto account and where the presentation is directed at improving orexpediently achieving this perception.

FIG. 2A shows a schematic view of a deployment and application of anembodiment of the present invention by a human operator. Specifically,it is shown a human operator H wearing a so-called head-mounted display,HMD, 1 on her/his head and in front of her/his eyes. Such head-mounteddisplays appear in various forms and variants, wherein the usuallycommon feature is to provide the human operator H at least a view ofimages generated by a display. This usually employs display units,including liquid crystal displays (LCD), light emitting diodes (LED),organic LED (OLED) displays, lasers, and the like for generating animage to be perceived by operator H. Generally, the images described inthe context of the present disclosure may be any one of a sequence ofimages, a presentation, a video, a movie, a (video-)game, and the like.

Generally, the head-mounted display 1 may comprise also any one of atransparent portion, semitransparent portion, and one or more camera(s)so as to provide the operator H with a blended view which can be acombination of a real world view and the images generated. As such, onemay refer to such displays also as virtual reality (VR) glasses,augmented reality (AR) glasses, and/or optical head-mounted displays(oHMD). Generally, the head-mounted display may provide a view to theoperator H in two dimensions (2D) and/or in three dimensions (3D). Thelatter usually involves providing each eye of the operator H withdifferent images that slightly differ so as to generate a virtualappearance of the displayed content in 3D. Related techniques are assuch known in the prior arts.

FIG. 2B shows a schematic view of a head-mounted display, HMD, as partof a deployment and application of an embodiment of the presentinvention. Specifically, it is shown from an operator's (or user's)point of view. The inner side of the HMD 1 features an outer frame 14which is more or less adapted to the human physiognomy by, for example,and amongst others, providing a nose section which accommodates anoperator's nose. It is thus understood that the human operator carriesand uses the HMD 1 especially when carried in front of the operator'seyes. Additional features may come into play with regard to thepractical use of HMD's, such as strips, soft cushioned sections, shades,temples, etc., which are all, however, known in the arts as such.

The HMD 1 also provides an optical section 12 in the operator's field ofview when carrying the HMD. The optical section 12 may comprise any oneof a display, optics for allowing a view of a display that is arrangedrelatively close to the operator's eyes (e.g., 5 to 100 mm), transparentsections, shades, shutters, filters, polarizers, projectors,illumination, cameras, mirrors, semi-transparent mirrors, screens,opaque sections, etc. Each one of these optical components may beprovided individually for each eye of the human operator or may beprovided as one part. For example, there already exist HMD that employ asmartphone as display means: In this way, such an HMD comprises a framefor holding the smartphone and optics that allow an operator to view thedisplay even if arranged at small distances (see above). The display maygenerate views for each eye at the same time in which the optics thenguide each image to the corresponding eye, or the display may displayimages alternately, where then shutters guide an image to only one eyeat a time. By means of providing individual images for each eye, athree-dimensional view of the environment can be obtained for theoperator.

The purpose of the optical section 12 is to provide the operator with aview that at least in part comprises generated images. In this way, theoperator can view an environment that at least in part comprises viewsof an artificially generated environment. For example, the displayreceives from an image generation processor image data that isdisplayed. In turn, the image generation processor receives or hasaccess to data that defines the virtual environment, for example, usingdefinitions of vectors. These vectors can be used to calculate andgenerate a momentary view of the environment given a specificorientation. Further, the vectors may define surfaces with optionallytextures that in all will be referred to by the image generationprocessor when generating the image data to be displayed on a display.Additional mechanisms may apply for rendering the view more or lessrealistic (e.g., raytracing and the like).

As already described, the view for the operator may also consider anorientation. If, for example, the operator carries a HMD, she or he isin principle free to move about, turn into different directions, movehis/her arms, hands, and other body parts. Preferably, these variousmovements are accounted for so that the view that is presented to theoperators is as realistic as possible. For this purpose, the orientationand/or the movement by the operator is detected and the resultingsignals are fed into the image generation processor, which, having athand vector base data, can recalculate the view of an environment from adifferent orientation. The HMD 1 may in this case also comprise one ormore sensors 13 that can detect in the form of, e.g., accelerometers,gyroscopes, magnetometers and the like, the movement of the operator'shead or the operator as a whole.

Further, there exist camera assisted systems that observe the operator,e.g., while using an HMD. Images received from such a camera can beprocessed to obtain information on the movement of the user or his/herbody parts. Such information can be again fed into the image generationprocessor that can employ this data in a similar manner to employingoutput data from movement sensors affixed to the operator and/or the HMD1 that the operator is carrying and using. Such image processing isusually referred to as gesture recognition and in principle associatessome specific action (situation, command, etc.) to a gesture or a groupof gestures, wherein a gesture can be defined as a sequence or group ofmovements.

The optical section 12 of the HMD 1 may also comprise one or moretransparent section(s) that allow the operator to view the actualenvironment. By means of a projector, a display, a mirror, and/or asemitransparent mirror a generated view may be therefore blended withthe actual view of the actual environment. Whereas the view of onlygenerated images in the context of an HMD is usually referred to as avirtual reality (VR) view, the blending of the real world with generatedimages is usually referred to as augmented reality (AR). The commonconcept is that an operator may at least in part perceive anartificially generated environment.

FIG. 2C shows a schematic view of a deployment and application of anembodiment of the present invention by a human operator. Here, anapparatus 1 a, 101 is shown that provides to a human operator H a viewof displayed images E′ and a view of a piece of hygiene equipment. Thelatter piece of hygiene equipment can also be shown as part ofrespective images (see below in the context of FIGS. 3A & 4A) or may bewell of the real world, i.e., in the form of a real dispenser mounted toa wall (see below in the context of FIGS. 3B & 4B). Specifically, thisconfiguration and embodiment considers at least one projector device 1 athat is arranged to project images onto walls and surfaces of a realenvironment E. In this way, a virtual environment E′ is generated thatcan be viewed by the operator H. This environment may include a patientstation (as shown) as an environment in which the operator H is supposedto perform a task.

The projector device 1 a may implement all features necessary for anembodiment of the present invention or may have one or morefunctionalities in a further device 101 (e.g., server or computerdevice, network, cloud resource, etc.). Further, the display of imagesmay be such that a two-dimensional or three-dimensional impression ofthe virtual environment E′ is generated. In the latter three-dimensionalcase the operator H may be provided with additional devices (e.g.,shutter or polarizing glasses) so that the virtual environment appearsfor the operator in three dimensions. Other projection techniques suchas direct eye (retina) projection may also apply.

There is therefore provided an access to a data repository which storesbase data for generating images representing views of an environment inwhich tasks by said human operator can be performed. As shown in theexample of FIG. 2C, that task can be performed by the human operator Hin an environment E/E′ that includes a virtual representation of apatient and the task(s) can include one or more actions in relation withthat virtual patient and the use of hygiene equipment. Likewise,however, other embodiments envisage environments that do not consider apatient as such and may focus on actions that relate to the hygieneequipment, for example the installation and/or maintenance of one ormore pieces of hygiene equipment.

FIG. 3A shows a schematic view of a deployment environment andapplication of an embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, itis shown the operator H wearing and using a head mounted display 1 in areal environment E. According to this embodiment an apparatus providesto the human operator H a view of displayed images via a head-mounteddisplay (HMD) 1. The apparatus can be any one of a device or processingunit 10 integrated in the HMD 1, or an external apparatus 101 in theform of, for example, a computer or some cloud (remote) computingresources. A communication C may be established between the HMD 1 towardthe apparatus 10′ so as to convey data toward the HMD 1 for it beingable to display the corresponding views to operator H. The communicationC may be implemented by any suitable means, such as a wireless localarea network (WLAN, WiFi, and the like), a Bluetooth™ connection, or anyother suitable wireless or wire-bound connection.

The HMD 1 is configured to provide a view of a piece of hygieneequipment. In the present embodiment, HMD 1 comprises a display thatprovides a view to the operator H as shown schematically in FIG. 4A. Asshown, the operator is presented a virtual, generated view of anartificial environment E′, comprising, for example, a patient P′ in abed on the left-hand side. It is to be understood that this E′ is fullyartificial and is generated by processing base data in an apparatus 10for displaying the generated images on a display as part of the headmounted display 1. The piece of hygiene equipment 2′ is shown at leastin part, indicating that in the present embodiment, the dispenser 2′ (asone exemplary piece of hygiene equipment) belongs to the virtual world,i.e., the dispenser 2′ shown in head mounted display 1 is a viewappearing on the display.

The apparatus 10, 101, or both 10 & 101 comprise an interface to asensor which is configured to generate a motion sensor output indicatinga movement of the human operator H while using the HMD 1. For example,the sensors 13 as described in conjunction with FIG. 2B that may beintegrated in HMD 1 may generate said motion sensor output that then canbe taken into account when operator H turns/tilts his/her head and/ormoves about. The result is that a similarly corresponding motion isperceived—albeit from the point of view of operator H—in the virtualenvironment E′. In the present embodiment, the operator H is presentedwith a virtual environment E′ in which (s)he can view one or morevirtual patient(s) P′, one or more virtual piece(s) 2′ of hygieneequipment, and other related objects and appearances. For this purpose,the apparatus comprises an access to a data repository which stores basedata for generating images representing views of the environment E′ inwhich tasks by the human operator H can be performed. The describedtasks are any one of real tasks (the operator still lives in and isstill part of the real world environment E), tasks performed in thevirtual environment E′, and/or tasks that are fulfilled by choosing,selecting or activating actions in a user interface as part of thevirtual environment E′ (more details on this will be given in thedescription relating to FIG. 5A).

The apparatus further comprises an image generation section that isconfigured to generate the images to be displayed based on said basedata and said motion sensor output. As already described, the images canbe, for example, generated (calculated) from base data such as acollection of vectors, which all define an edge and/or boundary of avirtual object including patient P′, the piece of hygiene equipment 2′,and/or any other object or other entity that should render appearance inthe virtual environment E′. The techniques of generating a VR or AR toan operator by means of a head mounted display are as such known in thearts.

The apparatus further comprises a sequencer section configured todetermine a sequence of situations in relation to the view of theoperator and/or the displayed images. A situation in this context can beidentified as some given point in the process of a task. For example,the task can be defined as a sequence or group of situations to whichthe operator needs to navigate to. The navigation within the overallenvironment including the actual and the virtual environment may beachieved by the operator by any one of giving commands (e.g., in thecontext of a user interface described below), a gesture, movements,turning, changing orientation, looking into a specific direction,walking or moving to specific locations, and the like. Generally, such asituation can be associated to a displayed image, so that the apparatusmay determine occurrence of the situation by analyzing the view (e.g.,by a camera) and/or the displayed images. For example, a task ofchanging a drip bag may be presented to the operator by a sequence ofimages of which one or more images indicate that a certain situation hasbeen reached, which, in turn, may also indicate fulfillment of a task atthe same time.

The apparatus further comprises an event section which is configured todetermine an event in relation to said piece of hygiene equipment and toallocate said determined event in relation to the sequence ofsituations. In the present embodiment, the event section is configuredto determine as an event a use situation of said piece of hygieneequipment. If the piece of hygiene equipment is virtual and thereforeexclusively part of the displayed images, a mechanism similar to theabove described sequencer section may apply. For example, a gesture bythe operator H may be detected which results in providing the operator aview of using the piece of hygiene equipment. One or more of such imagesmay indicate that a use situation has occurred. Likewise, the eventsection may also be configured to determine a use situation from a realworld piece of hygiene equipment which is described further below.

FIG. 3B shows a schematic view of a deployment environment andapplication of a further embodiment of the present invention, and FIG.4B shows schematically a view that is presented to an operator accordingto the present embodiment. In principle the present embodiment issimilar to the embodiment as described above in conjunction with FIGS.3A and 4A. Therefore, like elements are denoted with identical referencesigns. However, the present embodiment envisages that the head mounteddisplay 1-1 has a transparent section 121 which allows the operator Halso to observe and view the real environment E. With additional imagesbeing generated and superimposed, the operator will experience anaugmented reality (AR) as a blended view of the real environment E andthe virtual environment E′. This can be implemented by means of asemitransparent mirror as part of the transparent section 121, whichallows viewing of the real environment E and viewing of generated imagesbeing displayed by a display/projector and reflected from the mirror.

Alternatively to the transparent section or in addition thereto the HMD1-1 may also be provided with a camera 122 for capturing the realenvironment E, which then can be blended with further images to bedisplayed so as to provide the operator with a view of generated images(or generated image content) and real world images (image content takenfrom the recorded real environment). The camera 122 can be furtheremployed to detect an optical signal S that a piece of hygiene equipmentemits when used. Advantageously, most or all functionalities can beimplemented in a mobile phone (smartphone) or tablet computer that canbe affixed in front of the operator's eyes for employing its display todisplay any images to be viewed by the operator. At the same time, thecamera on the other side of the device will face the environment and maythus be employed to capture the real environment and/or detect signalsfrom pieces of hygiene equipment, remote controls, and the like.

In this embodiment, the head-mounted display 1-1 is therefore configuredto provide a view of a real-world piece of hygiene equipment in the formof the real-world dispenser 2 shown in FIG. 3B. The corresponding viewto the operator H is schematically depicted in accompanying FIG. 4B, inwhich again both a patient and a dispenser is shown, but the dispenser 2belonging to the real world. It is clear that especially in thisembodiment the operator H will see also his/her hands when, for example,using the piece of hygiene equipment. This has the additional benefitthat the operator may actually use a real dispenser and thus will alsobe able to experience the sensation of using such a dispenser (e.g.,experiencing the sensation and feeling involved when cleaning liquidsand the like are ejected onto an operator's hand).

In this embodiment, the apparatus comprises an event section which isconfigured to determine as an event again a use event of the dispenser 2as one exemplary form of a piece of hygiene equipment. Specifically, theapparatus may receive a signal S from the dispenser 2 whenever used.Likewise, the apparatus and/or the head-mounted display may beconfigured to determine such a use event by corresponding sensors or acamera recording a part of the environment. In the latter case imageprocessing can be performed in order to determine such a use event.

As shown in FIG. 3B, the piece of hygiene equipment (dispenser 2) isarranged to dispense an amount of a consumable (e.g., soap,disinfectant, etc.) to an operator. The dispenser 2 comprises anejection mechanism with a lever that can be actuated by the user so asto expel the soap, disinfectant or the like. Likewise, other mechanicaland/or electric ejection mechanism may apply, that include any one of aswitch, proximity sensor, pump, motor, actuator, battery, solar cell,etc. Generally, however, the ejection mechanism is arranged to dispensean amount of the consumable when an operator actuates the lever oractivates the mechanism and hence provides mechanical force of a pump ordosing mechanism. In the present embodiment, the operator's action ofactuating the lever is one form of a user operation or use situationthat triggers the emission of a signal S. Specifically, the dispenser 2according to this embodiment comprises a signal unit that is arranged toemit signal (e.g., flash of light) in response to the correspondingoperator action, i.e., the actuation of lever. In any way, however, thesignal unit emits the signal S so that it can be detected by anapparatus (e.g., HMD 1-1) in the vicinity of the dispenser.

Specifically, the detecting device can be provided with a light detectorthat can “receive” the signal S in the form of a flash emitted by thedispenser 2. Suitable components include a camera section, a photodiode,an infrared (IR) sensor, a luminosity sensor, and the like. Thedetecting device further should be provided with processing resourcesthat are at least suitable for detecting and identifying the signal viathe detector and to store and/or forward data relating to thisdetection. As far as the detecting device as such is concerned, anysuitable implementation may be chosen, including mobile devices such asmobile phones, smartphones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), tabletcomputers, portable computers, notebooks, etc. Advantageously, in suchdevices the functionalities of the apparatus according to theembodiments of the present invention (interface, sensor, access to adata repository and/or data repository, image generation section,display, sequencer and event section) can be implemented in combinationwith the detector (e.g., the smart phone's camera) for detecting asignal S from a real world piece of hygiene equipment.

FIG. 3C shows a schematic view of a deployment environment andapplication of another embodiment of the present invention.Specifically, it is shown the operator H wearing and using a headmounted display 1 in a real environment E. According to this embodimentagain an apparatus provides to the human operator H a view of displayedimages via a head-mounted display (HMD) 1. The apparatus can be any oneas already described in conjunction with the preceding embodiments.Specifically, the HMD 1 is configured to provide a view of a piece ofhygiene equipment, which may be a virtual piece of hygiene equipment 2′or a real piece of hygiene equipment 2. The view to the operator H isshown schematically in FIG. 4C, in which the operator is presented witha virtual, generated or blended view of an environment E, E′, comprisingthe piece of hygiene equipment 2, 2′ and, optionally, one or more otherelements 3.

In the present embodiment, the operator H is presented with environmentE, E′ in which (s)he can perform one or more tasks and can view one ormore virtual or real piece(s) 2, 2′ of hygiene equipment, and otherrelated objects 3 and appearances. For this purpose, the apparatus againcomprises an access to a data repository which stores base data forgenerating images representing views of the environment in which tasksby the human operator H can be performed. The described tasks are anyone of real tasks (the operator still lives in and is still part of thereal world environment E), tasks performed in the virtual environmentE′, and/or tasks that are fulfilled by choosing, selecting or activatingactions in a user interface as part of the virtual environment E′ (moredetails on this will be given in the description relating to FIG. 6A).

The apparatus further comprises an image generation section that isconfigured to generate the images to be displayed based on said basedata and said motion sensor output. As already described, the images canbe, for example, generated (calculated) from base data such as acollection of vectors, which all define an edge and/or boundary of avirtual object including the piece of hygiene equipment 2′, and/or anyother object, such as element 3, or other entity that should renderappearance in the virtual environment E′ or blended environment E+E′.

The apparatus further comprises a sequencer section configured todetermine a sequence of situations in relation to the view of theoperator and/or the displayed images. A situation in this context can beidentified as some given point in the process of a task. For example,the task can be defined as a sequence or group of situations to whichthe operator needs to navigate to. The navigation within the overallenvironment incl. the actual and the virtual environment may be achievedby the operator by any one of giving commands (e.g., in the context of auser interface described below), a gesture, movements, turning, changingorientation, looking into a specific direction, walking or moving tospecific locations, and the like. Generally, such a situation can beassociated to a displayed image, so that the apparatus may determineoccurrence of the situation by analyzing the view (e.g., by a camera)and/or the displayed images. For example, a task of effecting a refillto a piece of hygiene equipment may be presented to the operator by asequence of images of which one or more images indicate that a certainsituation has been reached, which, in turn, may also indicatefulfillment of a task at the same time.

The apparatus further comprises an event section which is configured todetermine an event in relation to said piece of hygiene equipment and toallocate said determined event in relation to the sequence ofsituations. In the present embodiment, the event section is configuredto determine as an event a completed task in relation to said piece ofhygiene equipment. For example, a gesture by the operator H may bedetected which results in providing the operator a view of effecting anaction in relation to the piece of hygiene equipment. One or more ofsuch images may indicate that a corresponding action was effected.

Likewise, the event section may also be configured to determine such anaction from a real world piece of hygiene equipment. In such anembodiment, the event section may comprise a sensor that is configuredto detect a signal from a piece of hygiene equipment and the eventsection is configured to determine the event in response to detectingsuch a signal from the piece of hygiene equipment. For example, a taskmay be to unpack a piece of hygiene equipment from a box 3 and to mountit accordingly to a wall. Related disclosure for fulfilling tasks,corresponding action in relation to a piece of hygiene equipment, anddetermining a corresponding event in relation to the piece of hygieneequipment for allocating such an event in relation to a sequence ofsituations is provided elsewhere in the present disclosure inconjunction with FIGS. 6A through 6D.

FIGS. 5A to 5D show schematically views of a graphical user interfaceaccording to corresponding embodiments of the present invention.Specifically, these Figures also depict the appearance of a userinterface before, during, and/or after performing a task, wherein theuser interface allows the display of operation elements, such asdialogs, notices, instructions, warnings, boxes, windows, menus, afocus, a hot spot, and the like. Generally, a task can be characterizedby one or more situations that the operator needs to perform or toenter. For example, a task may be conveyed to an operator by means of auser interface as part of the virtual environment E′. FIG. 5A shows aschematic view of a user interface comprising a dialog 122-1 whichconveys the nature of a task in a perceivable manner. In addition, thedialog 122-1 may comprise a menu that allows a user selection of one outof several options, wherein the operator can move a selection mark (●)by gesture and/or user input. In addition thereto an audio section maybe provided which is configured to mimic sound from environment and/orinstructions, alerts to change the target sequence of situations andobserve operator's behavior in stress and/or unforeseen scenarios andalert situations.

In general, the operator may be provided with additional devices, e.g.,a handheld remote control or any other suitable input device, so as torespond to any situations appearing in the view or as part of one ormore dialogs of the user interface. In such embodiments, the apparatusfurther comprises an input section that is configured to receive suchuser inputs. In an embodiment, the apparatus comprises a sensorconfigured to receive a signal in relation to a user input via awireless path (e.g., Bluetooth™, infrared, and the like). In the shownsituation, the operator can send a user input signaling a response to adialog, and the dialog 122-1 may accordingly disappear. The operator isthen left to freely operate the system in a way that is in line with therespective task. The task can be defined as a sequence of situations inrelation to the displayed images in the sense that an operator needs tosteer his/her own virtual or augmented real view to specific situations,positions, and/or orientations. For example, it can be defined that atask like “1. DRESS WOUND” would first require at least the actualapproaching of the virtual patient P′ by the operator by means of anyone of movement, orientation, look, user input, and the like.

FIG. 5B shows schematically a view of the graphical user interface witha focus 122-2, arranged preferably in the center of the field of view.

As shown in FIG. 5C, this may allow to determine a situation in relationto the viewed image. Specifically, a position of the focus 122-2 inrelation to a real-world or virtual element may be evaluated fordetermining whether the operator has steered himself/herself to aspecific situation (here: a situation of possibly now using a piece ofhygiene equipment). Regardless of whether the shown dispenser is of thereal or virtual world, a use can be effected by the operator by simplybehaving as using it. The actual use of a real-world dispenser can bedetected as already explained, or the respective gesture by the operatorcan be detected and assumed as a use event. In the latter case, cameraassisted image processing and/or sensors affixed to the operator may beemployed for gesture determination. Further, a dialog 122-3 may appearin response to a specific situation (e.g., focusing onto a piece ofhygiene equipment) which may prompt a user input, for example, by meansof a gesture, command, spoken command, input on a remote control and thelike.

FIG. 5D shows schematically a view of the graphical user interface witha further notification 122-4. For example, a notification may appear inresponse to detecting a use of the piece of hygiene equipment, let theuse as such be virtual, real, or by means of a user input/selection.This may also be seen again as a specific situation, in this case thesuccessful use of a piece of hygiene equipment.

In general, the task can be thus performed by steering into one or moresituations. More specifically, a task may be defined as a sequence ofsituations in relation to the displayed images. In this way, thesequencer section can observe operation, process periodically the viewedimages, reading out a sensor, detecting any events of a user interface,and/or receiving user inputs, so as determine both the occurrence of asituation and placing this situation in a sequence. Said sequence maynot only consider an order of subsequent situations but also a timebetween two adjacent situations. In this way, there can be implemented arule, or more generally, a target way of how the task is properlyperformed. In the exemplary context of hand hygiene training, a specificrule may be defined in relation to situations the operator needs toenter and times there in between.

For example, a task “1. DRESS WOUND” may require the operator to usehygiene equipment (situation 1) before he steers to the patient forengaging with the patient (situation 2), which already defines a targetsequence. This sequence may be evaluated for compliance to a rule,which, in turn, can also be defined by means of a sequence ofsituations. Additionally, time spans may be considered by timestampingthe situations and measuring the time between two or more situations(for example, if too much time has elapsed after situation 1 andsituation 2 or another situation is detected, then a violation of thecorresponding rule may be determined).

In general, the sequencer section observes the course of situations inwhich the operator finds herself/himself during performing a task. Thissequence of situations and/or a selection of situations may beassociated with one or more opportunities to use a piece of hygieneequipment. Such an opportunity defines a target use of a piece ofhygiene equipment by the operator in the sense that the operator shallnow (or within a given time period) or should have before (or within agiven time period) used the piece of hygiene equipment in order to becompliant to a rule. This may be evaluated together with the use eventsreceived or determined by the event section in order to assess whetheror not a use situation can be associated to an opportunity. This may beemployed for calculating an overall compliance metric during a taskwhich can then be presented to the operator during and/or after a taskso as to convey information to an operator on how good she or he isperforming the task in relation to hand hygiene compliance.

In a further embodiment, individual hand hygiene compliance dataobtained, e.g., from hand hygiene surveillance and/or monitoring systemsmay be used to weigh the occurrence of specific training scenarios andtasks so that specific tasks (or moments as described elsewhere in thepresent disclosure) where an operator (individual) has a low complianceoccurs more often in the virtual training. Further, said occurrence mayalternatively or additionally depend on a performance of an operatorwith regard to a compliant behavior during a present or past operationof the apparatus and training therewith.

FIGS. 6A through 6D show schematically views of a graphical userinterface according to corresponding embodiments of the presentinvention. In this embodiment, the task to be performed by the operatorH is, for example, the correct replacing of a refill cartridge to apiece of hygiene equipment. In this course, there may be giveninstructions to the operator as shown in FIGS. 6A, 6C or 6D. Theseinstructions may be provided visually (as shown) or also by means ofaudible (voice) instructions by any sound generating and output unit.The operator carries out an action by gestures which are virtuallyreproduced in the view or are blended by means of superimposinggenerated image content and a real world scene recorded by a camera asdescribed already elsewhere in the present disclosure.

The apparatus comprises an event section which is configured todetermine an event in relation to said piece of hygiene equipment and toallocate said determined event in relation to the sequence ofsituations. The event can be any action in relation to the piece ofhygiene equipment as effected by the operator and sensed by determiningassociated pictures or receiving any corresponding sensor signals andoutput. For example, in response to the instruction given to theoperator as shown in FIG. 6A, the operator effect a gesture (action) tooperate the virtual or real world piece of hygiene equipmentaccordingly. If the event of pushing the button has been detected, thiscan be allocated into a sequence and it can be determined whether or notthe appropriate action was effected at the appropriate time.Accordingly, an environment can be presented to the operator thatreflects the correct result of his/her action (as shown in the exampleof a correctly opened piece of hygiene equipment in FIG. 6B).

Further, a real world piece of hygiene equipment may be configured toemit a signal whenever a specific action is effected. For example, apiece of hygiene equipment may emit a signal whenever it is correctlyclosed after a refill and/or opening procedure. In such an embodiment,the event section can comprise a sensor that is configured to detectsuch a signal from the piece of hygiene equipment. Further, the eventsection can be configured to determine a corresponding event of closingthe piece of hygiene equipment in response to detecting this signal. Theevent section can thus determine such an event in relation to the pieceof hygiene equipment and allocate the event in relation to an applicablesequence of situations.

For example, the sequence of situations may specifically considerwhether or not and when the closing of a piece of hygiene equipment isdetermined: if such an event is determined after a refill was correctlyplaced, then it may be determined that the operator has fulfilled thetask properly in line with the applicable sequence. In this way, a taskin relation to the piece of hygiene equipment can be trained or thetraining success can be improved and confirmed by means of letting theoperator simulating a given task. Related embodiments not only considerthe task of replacing a refill but likewise consider the correctmounting, installation or setup of a piece of hygiene equipment, thegeneral maintenance of a piece of hygiene equipment, and the proper useand operation of a piece of hygiene equipment. Therefore, the followingtasks can be implemented by respectively providing appropriate base dataand defining appropriate sequences: Guiding operators throughinstallation, maintenance or operation of dispensers/equipment, incl.refilling; a virtual manual; guided cleaning; operation of trolley witha dispenser on the trolley or trolley as such in the sense of a piece ofhygiene equipment; installation and setup/configuration of accessoriesand upgrades to pieces of hygiene equipment, such as detectors, sensors,batteries; and gateway, repeaters, or related data acquisition andcommunication equipment that interacts with hygiene equipment for usageand/or state reporting.

Generally, there may be further provided embodiments in which anapparatus comprises a sound output section that is configured to outputa sound to said human operator in relation to allocating a determinedevent. The sound can be an audible signal, a voice instruction or anyother suitable audible feedback or instruction to the operator while(s)he is operating and performing a task. The contents may be providedfrom corresponding base data and may be used for instructing theoperator, guiding the operator through a task, and/or giving positive ornegative feedback upon successful operation or, respectively,unsatisfactory operation. For example, specific noise patterns can beprovided that mimic a successful completion of an action (e.g., a“click” noise for notifying the operator that a refill was properlyinstalled, a piece of hygiene equipment was correctly installed, or anaccessory was placed properly into a corresponding piece of hygieneequipment.

FIG. 7A shows a schematic view of a general apparatus embodiment of thepresent invention. Specifically, there is shown the apparatus 10, 101which provides a view of displayed images to a human operator via ahead-mounted display (HMD) 1 wherein the HMD 1 is further configured tofurther provide a view of a piece of hygiene equipment. The view of thepiece of hygiene equipment can either be obtained by also generating anddisplaying respective images and/or letting the observer view areal-world piece of hygiene equipment by means of a transparent sectionof the HMD 1 and/or a camera associated to the HMD 1 and superimposingand blending the camera recorded images onto the generated images.Generally, the apparatus 10, 101 can be either integrated in the HMD 1or can be implemented external thereto. Also, hybrid solutions can beenvisaged in which one part of the described functionalities isimplemented into the HMD 1, and the other functionalities areimplemented outside the HMD 1. For an example, may functions can beintegrated into a mobile computing device (e.g., smartphone, tabletcomputer and the like) and the HMD 1 can be implemented as a framepositioning the mobile computing device in front of the observer's eyes.In this case also optics may be provided in order to let the observerview the device's display at small distances.

The apparatus 10, 101 comprises an interface 112 to a sensor which isconfigured to generate a motion sensor output indicating a movement of ahuman operator while using said HMD 1. Here one or more sensors may beintegrated in the HMD 1, in a mobile computing device being partthereof, and/or also—external to the HMB—affixed to the operator. Theapparatus 10, 101 further comprises an access 111 to a data repository121 which stores base data for generating images representing views ofan environment in which tasks by said human operator can be performed.The data repository can be again integrated in the device or obtained assome network or cloud based data storage in which a wireless and/orwire-bound connection serves to convey the data to and from theinterface 111.

The apparatus 10, 101 further comprises or has access to an imagegeneration section 113 that is configured to generate the images to bedisplayed based on said base data and said motion sensor output. Asequencer section 114 is configured to determine a sequence ofsituations in relation to view, and an event section 115 is configuredto determine a use situation of said piece of hygiene equipment.

In an optional embodiment (cf. dashed line in FIG. 7A), the eventsection 115 is configured to receive a feedback signal FB from the HMD 1indicating use of a piece of hygiene equipment. For example, areal-world piece of hygiene equipment can be provided with an emitterthat emits a signal (optical, infrared, radio, and the like) whenever itis used (e.g., ejects an amount of a disinfectant liquid). In turn, theHMD 1 may be provided with a sensor that is adapted to receive thissignal and the HMD 1 may be configured to initiate the feedback signalFB toward the apparatus 10, 101 accordingly. In the case that all orsome functionalities of the apparatus 10, 101 are integrated into theHMD 1, then the feedback signal FB may be well routed internally. Thismay be associated with the specific advantage that the HMD 1 will be ina more or less close proximity to the piece of hygiene equipment whenthe operator uses it. This allows for a low energy and low interferenceand low complexity implementation of the signal from the piece ofhygiene toward the HMD. For example, it may be sufficient to emit anoptical light signal (flash) that can be captured by a mobile device'scamera, which, in the case of a smartphone or tablet, is usuallyarranged opposite the display already.

FIG. 7B shows a schematic view of a general apparatus embodiment of thepresent invention. In principle, the apparatus 11 provides the same basefeatures as the apparatus 10, 101 described above especially inconjunction with FIG. 7A. Thus same reference numerals denote same,similar, or accordingly adapted features. In this embodiment, theapparatus 11 may be provided with a section 116 for receiving camerainput which can be processed for detecting movements and/or gesturesfrom the operator. Further, In this embodiment, the apparatus 11 may beprovided with a section 117 for generating an image output to a peermonitor. On this monitor the same or related images may be displayedthat are viewed by the operator. In this way, the training procedure canbe shared by several individuals who can in this way benefit from thetraining performed by someone else.

FIG. 8 shows a schematic flow chart of a general method embodiment ofthe present invention. This general method embodiment is for providingto a human operator a view of displayed images and a view of a piece ofhygiene equipment. The method comprises a step S1 of generating a motionsensor output indicating a movement of a human operator and a step S2 ofaccessing a data repository which stores base data for generating imagesrepresenting views of an environment in which tasks by said humanoperator can be performed. The method further comprises a step S3 ofgenerating the images to be displayed based on said base data and saidmotion sensor output, a step S4 of determining a sequence of situationsin relation to a view by said human operator, and a step S5 ofdetermining an event in relation to said piece of hygiene equipment andallocating said determined event in relation to the sequence ofsituations. The described steps need not to be performed in the givenorder. In general, one or more step(s) may be performed concurrently, asspecifically shown for steps S1 and S2.

According to further embodiment, the apparatus comprises a complianceestimation section that calculates some figure indicating an achievedcompliance that can be presented to the Operator. For example, such afigure can be defined so that a relatively low compliance value mayindicate that the actual use of hygiene equipment is not satisfactory,whilst a relatively high compliance value may indicate that the actualuse of hygiene equipment corresponds, within a given threshold, to sometarget usage, and, consequently, may be regarded as being satisfactory.Such a figure, e.g., in form of a compliance metric, may provide manyadvantages, since it gives a concise picture on how good the actualbehavior corresponds to the target.

Such a compliance metric may consider both opportunities and uses. Saidopportunities indicate any event when hygiene equipment should or couldhave been used. For example, opportunities can be defined with referenceto the above-described “Five Moments Of Hand Hygiene”. This allows oneto associate opportunities to situations within a possible sequence ofscenarios as steered by an operator when and during trying to fulfil atask. Following this example, an opportunity can be associated with asituation that corresponds to approaching a virtual patient or asituation that would correspond to an actual physical contact with areal-life patient. A rule could then require that hand hygiene equipmentshould be used before such an opportunity, or the correspondingsituation in the sequence.

Here, the compliance estimation section can evaluate the situationsobtained from the sequencer section and associate some situations toopportunities. At the same time, the compliance estimation section canreceive from the event section determined use situations. With the helpof rules that define in some way or another a so to speak targetsequence of situations, the compliance estimation section can determinewhether there was appropriate use of a piece of hygiene equipmentcorresponding to the applicable opportunities. In all, the complianceestimation section can collect pairs of several opportunities and usesand, for example, at an end of a task, employ the user interface so asto present a result to the operator.

In general, the feedback regarding the performance during operation(i.e., performing a task with the apparatus) or towards the end willemphasize the training effect. This feedback can be associated with ahigh score list, playback options, graphics, music fanfares and the liketo “reward” the operator, or not reward the operator if the score wasbad, i.e., an obtained compliance metric is below a certain threshold.The sequence of target events that defines the task may be weighedaccording to the performance of the operator (both within the sameperforming of a task and/or compared to previously performed tasks).

In summary, embodiments of the present invention allow for operators totrain behavior relevant to hand hygiene compliance. The training isrendered in such a way that the operators have an improved perception ofall task as close to the real world as possible (cf. above descriptionin conjunction with FIG. 1). In other words, the embodiments allow theoperator to train the relevant aspects to hand hygiene compliance bymeans of simulating tasks that mimic real world tasks and combine thetraining with the possible use of real world hygiene equipment.

The latter allows for also giving the operator a real life experience ofthe use of hygiene equipment which again improves efficiency ofperception. In the end, the operator may be presented with an achievedcompliance so as to motivate him/her further and/or provide indicationstoward improvement. The result is improved training of operators whichwill lead to improved use of hygiene equipment in the actual world,which, in turn, can help reducing the risk of hygiene relevant diseasesor other disadvantages.

Although detailed embodiments have been described, these only serve toprovide a better understanding of the invention defined by theindependent claims and are not to be seen as limiting.

What is claimed is:
 1. An apparatus to provide to a human operator aview of displayed images and a view of a piece of hygiene equipment, theapparatus comprising: an interface to a sensor which is configured togenerate a motion sensor output indicating a movement of a humanoperator; an access to a data repository which stores base data forgenerating images representing views of an environment in which tasks bysaid human operator can be performed; an image generation sectionconfigured to generate the images to be displayed based on said basedata and said motion sensor output; a sequencer section configured todetermine a sequence of situations in relation to a view by said humanoperator; and an event section configured to determine an event inrelation to said piece of hygiene equipment and to allocate saiddetermined event in relation to the sequence of situations.
 2. Theapparatus according to claim 1, wherein the event section is configuredto determine whether said allocation is to result in providing afeedback to said human operator.
 3. The apparatus according to claim 2,wherein said image generation section is configured to generate one ormore further images to be displayed based on said determination that theallocation is to result in providing a feedback.
 4. The apparatusaccording to claim 1, wherein the sequencer section is configured todetermine a sequence of situations in relation to a displayed image. 5.The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the event section isconfigured to determine as an event a use situation of said piece ofhygiene equipment.
 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, furthercomprising an opportunity determination section configured to determinean opportunity to use a piece of hygiene equipment based on one or moredetermined situation(s).
 7. The apparatus according to claim 6, furthercomprising a compliance calculation section configured to calculate acompliance metric based on a determined opportunity, a determined usesituation, and a rule.
 8. The apparatus according to claim 7, whereinthe image generation section is configured to generate further images tobe displayed based on said compliance metric.
 9. The apparatus accordingto claim 1, further comprising an input receiving section configured toreceive an input from the human operator and to determine any one of asituation, a use event, and an opportunity.
 10. The apparatus accordingto claim 1, wherein the event section comprises a sensor configured todetect a signal in relation to a use of a piece of hygiene equipment.11. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the event section isconfigured to determine as an event a completed task in relation to saidpiece of hygiene equipment.
 12. The apparatus according to claim 11,wherein the event section comprises a sensor configured to detect asignal from a piece of hygiene equipment.
 13. The apparatus according toclaim 12, wherein the event section is configured to determine saidevent in response to detecting said signal from the piece of hygieneequipment.
 14. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising asound output section configured to output a sound to said human operatorin relation to allocating a determined event.
 15. The apparatusaccording to claim 1, wherein the images are displayed images via ahead-mounted display, HMD, and said sensor is configured to generate amotion sensor output while the human operator uses said HMD.
 16. Theapparatus according to claim 15, wherein the HMD comprises a transparentsection and/or a camera that allows the human operator to view a realworld piece of hygiene equipment.
 17. The apparatus according to claim1, wherein the data repository stores further base data for generatingimages representing views of a piece of hygiene equipment, and whereinthe image generation section is configured to generate the images to bedisplayed also based on said further base data.
 18. The apparatusaccording to claim 1, further comprising an image processing sectionconfigured to receive image data from a camera, and to process thereceived image data for any one of said image generation section forblending a generated image and a received image defined by said receivedimage data, an input receiving section.
 19. The apparatus according toclaim 1, being implemented as a mobile computing device selected fromany one of a mobile phone, a smart phone, a tablet computer, a personaldigital assistant, and a portable computer.
 20. The apparatus accordingto claim 18, being implemented as a mobile computing device and saiddetector being implemented by a camera of said mobile computing device.21. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the piece of hygieneequipment is any one of a soap dispenser, a dispenser for disinfectantsolutions, gels or substances, a towel dispenser, a glove dispenser, atissue dispenser, a hand dryer, a sink, a bin, a used hygienic productreceptacle, an ultraviolet (UV) light assisted disinfectant point, and aradiation assisted disinfectant point.
 22. A method to provide to ahuman operator a view of displayed images and a view of a piece ofhygiene equipment, the method comprising the steps of: generating amotion sensor output indicating a movement of a human operator;accessing a data repository which stores base data for generating imagesrepresenting views of an environment in which tasks by said humanoperator can be performed; generating the images to be displayed basedon said base data and said motion sensor output; determining a sequenceof situations in relation to a view by said human operator; anddetermining an event in relation to said piece of hygiene equipment andallocating said determined event in relation to the sequence ofsituations.